[Vegan-commits] r1784 - in pkg/vegan: R inst man tests/Examples

noreply at r-forge.r-project.org noreply at r-forge.r-project.org
Sat Sep 3 20:46:43 CEST 2011


Author: jarioksa
Date: 2011-09-03 20:46:42 +0200 (Sat, 03 Sep 2011)
New Revision: 1784

Added:
   pkg/vegan/inst/ONEWS
Modified:
   pkg/vegan/R/vegandocs.R
   pkg/vegan/inst/ChangeLog
   pkg/vegan/man/vegandocs.Rd
   pkg/vegan/tests/Examples/vegan-Ex.Rout.save
Log:
get ONEWS (for vegan 1.*), and expand doc of vegandocs

Modified: pkg/vegan/R/vegandocs.R
===================================================================
--- pkg/vegan/R/vegandocs.R	2011-09-01 15:19:02 UTC (rev 1783)
+++ pkg/vegan/R/vegandocs.R	2011-09-03 18:46:42 UTC (rev 1784)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 `vegandocs` <-
-    function (doc = c("NEWS", "ChangeLog", "FAQ-vegan.pdf", "intro-vegan.pdf",
-              "diversity-vegan.pdf", "decision-vegan.pdf",
-              "partitioning.pdf", "permutations.pdf")) 
+    function (doc = c("NEWS", "ONEWS", "ChangeLog", "FAQ-vegan.pdf",
+              "intro-vegan.pdf", "diversity-vegan.pdf",
+              "decision-vegan.pdf", "partitioning.pdf", "permutations.pdf")) 
 {
     doc <- match.arg(doc)
     if (length(grep(".pdf", doc)) > 0) {

Modified: pkg/vegan/inst/ChangeLog
===================================================================
--- pkg/vegan/inst/ChangeLog	2011-09-01 15:19:02 UTC (rev 1783)
+++ pkg/vegan/inst/ChangeLog	2011-09-03 18:46:42 UTC (rev 1784)
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 
 	* meandist: warns if some dissimilarities are negative (small
 	negative values are tolerated).
+
+	* vegandocs: copied branches/1.17/inst/NEWS as ONEWS (old news),
+	and adapted vegandocs. Expanded documentation of vegandocs().
 	
 Version 1.92-1 (closed August 28, 2011)
 

Copied: pkg/vegan/inst/ONEWS (from rev 1783, branches/1.17/inst/NEWS)
===================================================================
--- pkg/vegan/inst/ONEWS	                        (rev 0)
+++ pkg/vegan/inst/ONEWS	2011-09-03 18:46:42 UTC (rev 1784)
@@ -0,0 +1,2338 @@
+-*-Text-*-
+
+			VEGAN RELEASE VERSIONS 
+		       	======================
+
+		       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-12
+
+    - This is a maintenance release which improves robustness of
+      several functions. A major release is expected soon.
+
+    - tolerance.cca: a new function to find the species response
+      widths (a.k.a. tolerances) and sample heteregeneities from a
+      cca() result.
+
+    - adonis: much faster.
+
+    - betadiver: argument 'index' was renamed to 'method' so that the
+      function can be used similarly as dist(), vegdist() and other
+      distance functions. This allows using betadiver() as a distance
+      function in metaMDS().
+
+    - cca/rda/capscale: handling of aliased and other zero-rank
+      components changed in vegan 1.17-11, but not all support
+      functions were adapted to these changes in that release. Now the
+      following functions cope with the changes and are more robust:
+      capscale, anova.cca, bstick.cca, goodness.cca, predict.cca,
+      screeplot.cca, calibrate.cca, deviance.cca/rda, ordiplot3d,
+      ordiresids, ordirgl, ordixytplot.
+
+    - isomap: text or points are plotted more cleanly, and text uses
+      ordilabel(). 
+
+    - make.cepnames: a bit more flexible and robust, with a new
+      argument that allows selecting first and second name component
+      instead of first and last.
+
+    - metaMDSrotate: rotation could be slightly off with more than two
+      dimensions when there are NA scores.
+
+    - ordiellipse, ordihull, ordispider, orditorp: accept NA scores.
+
+    - ordilabel: gained argument 'select'. 
+
+    - ordiplot: better handling of graphical arguments, arg 'cex' can
+      be set by the user.
+
+    - swan: gained new argument 'maxit' that allows setting maximum
+      number of iterations. Defaults 'maxit = Inf' or the current
+      behaviour of continuing as long as there are zeros that can be
+      filled. 
+
+                      CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-11
+
+    - This is a maintenance release which improves the robustness of
+      several functions but introduces no new important features.
+
+    - cca/rda/capscale: handling of aliased and other zero-rank
+      components changed. They are no longer made NULL and left
+      undisplayed, but now they are shown as zero rank. The general
+      output also changed so that proportions of inertia are only
+      shown if there are conditions or constraints, but not for
+      unconstrained analysis. The capscale() function no longer shows
+      species scores if these are unavailable. Several support
+      functions more robust.
+
+    - nobs: R 2.13.0 introduced generic function nobs() to find the
+      number of observations, and this release provides nobs() for
+      several vegan results. (This does not make vegan dependent on R
+      2.13.0, but vegan works with older R as well.)
+
+    - prc: allows anova(..., by = "axis") and other 'by' cases for
+      prc() results. Some rda() support functions still fail, but now
+      they stop informatively.
+
+    - specaccum: gained argument 'groups' which can be used to find
+      the number of species in subsets of the data.
+
+		       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-10
+
+    - This is minor revision that mainly fixes vegan with respect to
+      changes in the currently released R 2.13.0. Most importantly,
+      cmdscale() output changed in R 2.13.0 and because of this
+      capscale() could fail in some rare situations with argument 'add
+      = TRUE'. This vegan bug made BiodiversityR package fail its
+      tests in R 2.13.0. 
+
+    - metaMDSrotate: gained argument na.rm = TRUE.
+
+                       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-9
+
+    - anova of cca/rda/capscale results gave wrong results in partial
+      models. The bug was introduced in vegan 1.17-7. 
+
+    - diversity and related functions rarefy, rrarefy and specnumber
+      now accept vector input. Earlier a single site had to be
+      analysed either as a single-row matrix or using the non-default
+      setting MARGIN = 2.
+
+    - drarefy: new function that returns a matrix of probabilities
+      that a species occurs in a rarefied sample of a given size.
+
+    - metaMDS: it is possible to supply a starting configuration with
+      argument 'previous.best'. A previous metaMDS or isoMDS result can
+      also be given as a starting configuration. If the starting
+      configuration has a higher number of dimensions than requested,
+      the extra ones are dropped, and if the starting configuration
+      has fewer dimensions, random scores for extra dimensions will be
+      added. This may help in running metaMDS over a range of
+      dimensionalities. 
+
+    - metaMDSrotate: can now rotate metaMDS solutions with any number
+      of dimensions so that the first axis is parallel to a fitted
+      environmental vector. Previously, only two dimensional solutions
+      worked.
+
+    - ordilabel: gained argument 'xpd' that allows labels outside the
+      plot area. This allows labels above axes, for instance.
+
+    - ordisurf: gained several new arguments to control the mgcv::gam
+      fitting. Also gained an argument to suppress plotting, and a new
+      plot method. The fitted model can be specified with a formula. 
+
+    - prestonfit and friends: default is now 'tiesplit = TRUE' (which
+      was a new feature introduced in vegan 1.17-8).
+
+                       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-8
+
+    - prestonfit: fixed a bug in as.preston(): the largest octave
+      could be missing with 'tiesplit = TRUE'.
+    
+    - decorana: spurious axes scores and eigenvalues could be reported
+      when the eigenvalues actually were zero. This was rarely a
+      problem with real data, but occurred only in arbitrary examples.
+
+    - procrustes: checks input.
+
+                      CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-7
+
+    - anova.cca: more robust when models were fitted without 'data'
+      argument, or when 'na.action' or 'subset' was used.
+
+    - capscale: implemented 'subset' in model definition. Additive
+      constant with 'add = TRUE' is taken into account in predict()
+      and fitted(). Implemented simulate() which returns a
+      dissimilarity matrix with random error about predicted values. 
+
+    - eigenvals: can now extract eigenvalues of some ade4 and labdsv
+      result objects. 
+
+    - nestednodf: did not use binary data when weighted = FALSE was
+      used together with order = FALSE. Reported by Daniel Spitale.
+
+    - prestonfit: gained option to split tied frequencies (1, 2, 4, 8,
+      etc.) between adjacent octaves.
+
+    - specaccum: implemented choice of using either "individuals" or
+      "sites" as x-axis in plot(). Corrected a typo in the result
+      object: now returns indeed "individuals".
+
+ 
+		       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.17-6
+
+    - capscale: vegan 1.17-5 defined total inertia as the sum of
+      absolute values of eigenvalues which changed the total inertia
+      from previous versions. This is changed so that the total
+      inertia is the sum of all eigenvalues, i.e., negative
+      eigenvalues are subtracted from the total which was the
+      definition in 1.17-4 and earlier. The proportions of inertia
+      components are now expressed for non-negative eigenvalues only,
+      and a new item "Real Total" (sum of positive eigenvalues) is
+      added to the output if there are negative eigenvalues
+      ("Imaginary" component). The function no longer returns the
+      negative eigenvalues.
+
+    - CCorA: scaling of object scores changed: they are no longer
+      divided with sqrt(n-1). Minor fixes for improved robustness.
+
+    - metaMDS: automatically changes some arguments to non-default
+      values if input data contains negative entries. Help page gives
+      advice to do so for non-community data.
+
+    - wascores: checks that input weights are non-negative.
+
+	      NEW FEATURES AND BUG FIXES IN VEGAN 1.17-5				   		    	    
+    - anova.cca: Empty models with no constrained component have
+      correct degrees of freedom. Tests 'by = "axis"' are really
+      marginal for all axes (first axis used to be non-marginal to
+      latter axes).
+
+    - as.mlm.cca/rda, intersetcor, vif.cca: avoid bug in qr.X in R
+      2.12.0 which use wrong variable names in aliased models (fixed
+      also in R 2.12.1).
+
+    - betadisper: plot did not allow selecting axes. Reported by Sarah
+      Goslee. 
+
+    - capscale: failed with NA action (reported by Nevil Amos). Total
+      inertia is defined as the sum of absolute values of all
+      eigenvalues consistently with cmdscale (from R 2.12.1) and other
+      vegan functions.
+
+    - cca/rda/capscale: print proportions of inertia components. 
+
+    - decorana: Fortran code prints warnings of failed convergence.
+      Default plot() uses points if items have no name labels to be
+      plotted.
+
+    - deviance.cca/rda: return 0 (instead of NA) for over-paremetrized
+      models with no unconstrained component.
+
+    - eigenvals: uses sum of absolute values of eigenvalues in models
+      that may have negative eigenvalues (cmdscale, wcmdscale,
+      capscale). Can extract eigenvalues of pcnm() and cmdscale() of R
+      2.12.1. Uses zapsmall() to print near-zero
+      eigenvalues.
+
+    - mantel.correlog: P-values could slightly off. The function uses
+      internally mantel() to evaluate the statistic and its
+      significance. The mantel() function adds one both to the
+      denominator and numerator, but mantel.correlog() did not notice
+      this and made the addition for the second time. When the
+      mantel.correlog() reported a positive value of the statistic, it
+      reversed the direction of the one-sided test of mantel(), but
+      did not handle tied values correctly in this reversal.
+   
+    - nestednodf: Gustavo Carvalho's new version that also implements
+      a new quantitative method of Almeida-Neto & Ulrich (Env Mod
+      Software, 26, 173-178; 2011).
+
+    - oecosimu: takes care that the statistic is evaluated with binary
+      data when null models are binary (regression introduced in vegan
+      1.17-0). Can handle NA values in permutations (as na.rm = TRUE).
+
+    - ordilabel: gained new argument 'col' to set the text colour of
+      the labels separately from 'border'. Function ordiellipse() uses
+      this in filled polygons to set the colour of labels to that of
+      borders or foreground instead of the colour of the fill.
+
+    - ordiR2step: new function to model selection in rda() and
+      capscale() based on adjusted R2 following the recommendations of
+      Blanchet, Legendre & Borcard (Ecology 89, 2623-2632; 2008).
+
+    - ordistep: correct a name clash when the fitted model had term or
+      item called 'mod'. Reported by Richard Telford (Bergen, Norway).
+
+    - pcnm: returns the truncated distanced matrix with argument
+      'dist.ret'.
+      
+    - prc: rewritten by Cajo ter Braak with a fix to scaling of
+      coefficients for full compatibility with Canoco. 
+
+    - procrustes: Fixed translation following the report and fix by
+      Christian Dudel (Bochum, Germany). New predict() method to
+      rotate 'newdata' points to the target. Graphics with plot()
+      select the direction of arrows with new argument 'to.target',
+      and use ordilabel() to display the labels with 'type = "t"'.
+
+    - rankindex: can take a list of dissimilarity functions as the
+      argument to allow the use of other dissimilarity functions than
+      vegdist() of vegan.
+ 
+    - rda/capscale: the scores() can take two scaling constants
+      ('const'). One is used for species, second for WA and LC scores
+      of sites. This allows using scalings of prcomp(), princomp() or
+      Canoco (like documented in the design decisions vignette).
+
+    - swan: disconnected data caused infinite loop. Now zeros are left
+      to the result with disconnected data.
+
+    - treedist: can handle empty or one-node trees. Gained new
+      argument 'relative' (defaults TRUE): if FALSE, finds raw
+      dissimilarities of tree heights.  Help page tells that relative
+      tree distances are in range 0..2 instead of 0..1, since
+      combining two trees may add a new common root.
+
+    - treedive: handles trivial cases of zero (diversity NA) or one
+      species (diversity 0).
+
+    - vegdist: help page gives now binary variants of the indices
+      using designdist() notation.
+
+    - vif.cca: can handle models with aliased terms.
+
+    - wcmdscale: returns goodness of fit statistic (item GOF) and
+      handles negative eigenvalues consistently with cmdscale() and
+      capscale().
+
+	      NEW FEATURES AND BUG FIXES IN VEGAN 1.17-4
+
+    - MOStest: a new set of functions to implement generalized
+      Mitchell-Olds & Shaw test for the location of the quadratic
+      extreme in a given interval. The test can also be used for the
+      location of the optimum of the Gaussian response model. In
+      addition to the basic test, there are Fieller and deviance
+      profile methods for the confidence interval of the location of
+      the quadratic extreme or Gaussian optimum.
+
+    - mrpp & meandist: mrpp() does not evaluate the Classification
+      Strength (CS) of Van Sickle & Hughes (J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.,
+      19: 370-384; 2000) any longer. The old version misinterpreted
+      the weighting scheme of CS, and with correct scheme there is no
+      exact relationship between CS and the corresponding MRPP
+      statistic and therefore permutation tests are not available. CS
+      is still evaluated in meandist(), but with corrected weighting
+      scheme, and no tests are performed. Reported by Dr John Van
+      Sickle (Corvallis OR). 
+
+    - msoplot: legend text was in a wrong order. Reported by Daniel
+      Borcard. 
+
+    - vegdist: Marti Anderson variant of the Gower distance (method =
+      "altGower") should be without range standardization. Reported by
+      Sergio Garcia. 
+
+    - ordiellipse: labels disappeared in their background with 'draw =
+      "polygon"'. 
+
+    - predict.cca and predict.rda: gained argument 'newdata' for 'type
+      = "response"' and 'type = "working"'.  These return estimates
+      of the response data, or dissimilarities in capscale().
+  
+
+	      NEW FEATURES AND BUG FIXES IN VEGAN 1.17-3
+
+    - adonis: handles ties correctly.
+
+    - anova.cca and permutest.cca: permutations of cca result is
+      faster and now nearly equally fast (or slow) in rda and cca. 
+
+    - betadisper: 'type = "median"' (the default) was not computing
+      the spatial median on the real and imaginary axes separately.
+      Reported by Marek Omelka.
+
+    - cca, rda and capscale failed when Condition() was a factor, but
+      the constraints had only continuous variables.
+
+    - envfit: defaults to use 999 permutations instead of skipping
+      permutations. 
+
+    - mantel and mantel.partial: faster permutation.
+
+    - mantel.correlog: upgraded and faster.
+
+    - ordiarrows, ordisegments and ordispider gained argument 'label'
+      to label the groups corresponding to drawn arrows or lines.
+
+    - ordiresids: de-weights residuals and fitted values in CCA so
+      that these are identical to the values shuffled in simulate.cca.
+
+    - permutest.cca: adds observed statistic among permutations when
+      printing the result (does not influence anova.cca or
+      calculations).
+
+    - RsquareAdj: The 'rda' method used wrong number of degrees of
+      freedom in rank deficit models (number of dependent variables
+      was lower than the rank of constraints and conditions). Default
+      method handles vector input.
+
+    - scores: default method works with one row of scores. The scores
+      of "cca" and "rda" methods always have names, even if there are
+      no names in the input data.
+
+    - Permutation tests: The available permutation tests are described
+      in a new help files accessed via ?permutations.
+
+		     NEW FEATURES IN VEGAN 1.17-2
+
+    - permutest.betadisper: printed P-values in a wrong order in
+      displaying the the matrix of pairwise tests (the values were
+      correct, but formatting failed). Reported by Dan O'Shea.
+
+    - nesteddisc: failed if the most species rich sites were tied. The
+      function is now much faster (though still slow), but the price
+      is that it does not try as hard to find the optimal ordering.
+
+    - screeplot.cca & friends: new argument 'legend' for all methods
+      (except 'decorana') to draw a legend if the observed and broken
+      stick distribution are both plotted. 
+
+    - ordistep: adds an 'anova' item to the final model similarly as
+      the standard step(). You can suppress the tracing ('trace =
+      FALSE'), and find the model build history save in 'anova' in a
+      compact form.
+
+    - densityplot.oecosimu: gave warnings when there was only one
+      statistic and hence one lattice panel. 
+
+    - predict functions for cca and rda objects match 'newdata' by
+      dimension names instead of index.
+
+    - simulate.rda and simulate.cca have new argument 'rank' which
+      allows using lower rank presentation of fitted values
+      (including rank = 0). 
+
+    - treedist: new function to find dissimilarities of species
+      property trees of communities. The property trees can be, e.g.,
+      functional diversity trees, taxonomies or phylogenies. Similar
+      in spirit to UniFrac distance (C. Lozupone & R. Knight, Appl
+      Environ Microbiol 71:8225-8235; 2005), but completely different
+      in design and works only with binary data.
+
+		NEW FEATURES AND FIXES IN VEGAN 1.17-1
+
+    - multipart: new functions for multiplicative partionining of
+      gamma diversity into alpha and beta diversity components. 
+
+    - CCorA: Fixed choice of scores in biplots -- Used PC scores
+      instead of observed scores in the right-hand-side biplot
+      panel. The biplot function has several new and enhanched
+      alternatives of plots.
+
+    - envfit: ignored weights in cca() results for factors or a single
+      continuous variable.  The bug was introduced with NA handling
+      upgrade in vegan 1.17-0. The problem with fitted vectors was
+      reported by Richard Telford (Bergen, Norway).
+
+
+	       CHANGES AND NEW FEATURES IN VEGAN 1.17-0
+
+    - Guillaume Blanchet joined the vegan team.
+
+    - New function to partition data-set diversity (gamma) into
+      within-plot (alpha) and between-plot (beta) diversity
+      components. Function adipart performs additive
+      partitioning (gamma = alpha + beta). Function hiersimu performs
+      hierarchical null model testing similar to adipart but by using
+      custom function to calculate statistics for levels of a hierarchy.
+
+    - Subsets and missing value handling added to constrained
+      ordination methods cca(), rda() and capscale(). The missing
+      values (NA) can be handled with setting na.action (defaults
+      na.fail). With na.action = na.omit, observations with missing
+      values are removed, and with na.action = na.exclude they are
+      kept, but scores may be NA. However, the WA scores for sites are
+      available in non-partial models with na.action = na.exclude.
+      The 'subset' can be defined using any variable in the
+      constraining data set or species in the dependent data.
+
+    - Functions for fitting environmental variables onto ordination
+      (envfit, ordisurf) are aware of missing values in constraints or
+      NA values in scores. The ordination plot functions also can
+      handle NA scores.
+
+    - New and upgraded quantitative null models. In particular,
+      quantitative swap models (function abuswap) allows generetating
+      null matrices where marginal totals and fill are fixed, or row
+      and column fills are fixed, or row and column fills and either
+      row or column totals are fixed.
+
+    - oecosimu: rewritten to handle quantitative null models. Gained
+      keyword 'alternative' for "two-sided", or "less" and "greater"
+      one-sided tests. More robust with degenerate solutions. The
+      'method' can now be a user-supplied function. New support
+      functions as.ts() and as.mcmc which transform sequential models
+      into form that can be analysed using tools for time-series
+      (as.ts()) or MCMC sequences of the 'coda' package (as.mcmc).
+
+    - calibrate: calibrate is now a generic function with a new method
+      calibrate.ordisurf() in addition to the old calibrate.cca. These
+      find the estimates of environmental variables from ordination.
+
+    - ordistep: stepwise selection of terms in constrained ordination
+      (cca, rda and capscale) using permutation tests instead of
+      pseudo-AIC that is used by the standard step() function.
+
+    - pcnm: new function to find weighted principal coordinates of
+      neighbour matrix (PCNM) from distances between points. These are
+      typically used for spatial filtering in constrained
+      ordination. The function uses weighted analysis and can
+      therefore produce PCNM for correspondence analysis in addition
+      to PCA and RDA.
+
+    - betadisper: can use spatial medians which are now the default
+      method. Preliminary tests indicate that spatial medians correct
+      the anti-conservative Type I errors reported by Stewart
+      Schultz. 
+
+    - decostand & vegdist: new transformation 'log' which implements
+      Marti Anderson's scaling log(x) + 1 for x>0 (which is not at all
+      the same as log(x+1)), and vegdist has alternative Gower
+      function that skips double zeros. Together these implement the
+      "modified Gower" distance of Anderson et al. (Ecology Letters 9,
+      683-693; 2006).  Feature request #473 by Etienne Laliberte in
+      vegan.r-forge.r-project.org.
+
+    - model.matrix.cca & model.frame.cca: new functions to reconstruct
+      the model frame and model matrix (model matrices in partial
+      models) of constraints used in ordination methods cca(), rda()
+      and capscale().
+
+    - simulate.cca & simulate.cca: simulate the community (response)
+      data from the result of cca() or rda() under alternative
+      hypothesis. Error is added to the fitted values from
+      ordination. The function uses either Gaussian error or permutes
+      residuals and adds these to fitted values. 
+
+    - spandepth: a new function to find the depth of each node in the
+      minimum spanning tree produced by spantree(). Feature request by
+      W. E. Sharp. 
+
+    - alias.cca: gained argument names.only.
+
+    - metaMDSrotate: a new function to rotate metaMDS so that first
+      axis is parallel to an environmental variable. 
+
+    - msoplot: uses standard legend. 
+
+    - nesteddisc: new method that tries to find the smallest possible
+      value of the statistic in tied data. Slow, but fixes the
+      problems of the published method. The problem with tied values
+      in nesteddisc was found with Carsten Dormann. 
+
+    - contribdiv: gained a plot method. 
+
+    - rarefy: failed with one site and many sample sizes like
+      rarefy(rpois(10, 2), sample=2:3).
+
+    - meandist: plot can draw histograms as an alternative to
+      dendrograms. 
+
+    - plot functions for 'decorana' and 'cca' and friends and
+      'ordiplot' use 'linestack' if only one axis was requested.
+
+
+		       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.15-4
+
+    - Changed package dependence: vegan does not depend on 'ellipse'.
+
+    - anosim: user interface identical to 'mrpp'. Accepts now data
+      matrix and finds dissimilarities internally.
+
+    - betadisper: fix removal of zero eigenvalues with non-Euclidean
+      distances. This may change the results slightly, but in most
+      cases the effects are minor or none.
+
+    - capscale: has now 'fitted' and 'residual' methods, and 'predict'
+      works with 'type = "response"'. These return dissimilarities
+      that produce the same ordination as the original data. 
+
+    - indpower: new function to find the indicator power of species to
+      predict presence of other species (Halme et al., Conservation
+      Biology 23, 1008-1016; 2009). Closely related to the the power
+      to predict probabilities in beals().
+
+    - mantel.correlog: new functions to produce multivariate Mantel
+      correlograms (Legendre & Legendre, Numerical Ecology, section
+      13.1.5; 1998). 
+
+    - metaMDS: accepts user-supplied dissimilarities. Species scores,
+      data transformation, step-across and half-change scaling are
+      unavailable with user-supplied dissimilarities, but random
+      starts, PC rotation and scaling to original range of input
+      dissimilarities work.
+
+    - nestedtemp: row and column labels can be turned on/off
+      independently in plots.
+
+    - ordihull & ordiellipse: new argument 'label' to plot group names
+      for hulls or ellipses. Return (invisibly) the data for plotted
+      convex hulls or ellipses. In 'ordihull' this is a list of hull
+      vertices, and in 'ordiellipse' a list of (scaled) covariance and
+      centre data for ellipses. New 'summary' methods find the centres
+      and areas of plotted hulls or ellipses. Argument 'draw' has new
+      option "none" that suppresses all drawing so that only the data
+      for summary can be extracted without plotting.
+
+    - orditorp: works with reversed axes, like with 'xlim = c(3, -3)'.
+
+    - ordixyplot: has a panel function for arrows: a lattice variant
+      of ordiarrows.
+
+    - poolaccum, estaccumR: new functions to find the specpool() or
+      estimateR() estimates of extrapolated species richness in random
+      accumulations of sites. These have 'plot' and 'summary' methods.
+
+    - scores: functions biplot, points, text, ordilabel, ordiplot3d,
+      ordixyplot and spantreee did not pass all arguments to scores()
+      function. In particular, this concerned rda where 'scaling' and
+      'const' arguments could not be used within these functions.
+
+    - radfit: new function 'radlattice' for a lattice plots of fitted
+      models for a single site.
+
+    - rrarefy: a new function to generate random rarefied communities.
+
+    - RsquareAdj: now a generic function to find adjusted R squared
+      with special cases to 'rda', 'cca', 'lm' and 'glm'. 
+
+    - summary.cca: cleaner output.
+
+    - wcmdscale: returns scaled scores for axes with negative
+      eigenvalues. 
+    
+
+			CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.15-3
+
+    - anosim, mantel, mrpp, protest, envfit: did not include the
+      observed statistic among permutations. Functions adonis and
+      permutest.cca did this correctly, but did not print results
+      neatly. 
+      
+    - anova.cca: name clash if data were indexed with 'i'.
+
+    - capscale: fixed handling of negative eigenvalues with
+      non-Euclidean distances. The total inertia is the sum of all
+      eigenvalues so that negative eigenvalues are subtracted from the
+      total. The total inertia of negative components and their rank
+      (number) is given as 'Imaginary' component, and the negative
+      eigenvalues are listed after unconstrained positive eigenvalues.
+      The procedure is based on Gower, Linear Algebra and its
+      Applications 67, 81-97 (1985).  New argument 'sqrt.dist' takes
+      square root of the internally calculated dissimilarities and
+      avoids negative eigenvalues with some indices, such as vegan
+      Jaccard and Bray-Curtis. The adjustment is corrected for indices
+      with upper limit of one, and the reported eigenvalues and
+      inertia components are reduced by a factor of sqrt(n-1) and are
+      similar to those reported by 'cmdscale' or 'wcmdscale'.
+
+    - eigenvals: a new function to extract eigenvalues from rda, cca,
+      capscale, wcmdscale, prcomp, princomp, svd or eigen. If the
+      result object contains squareroots of eigenvalues, they are
+      squared. The summary method also finds proportions and
+      cumulative proportions explained. Function summary.cca now uses
+      this to display eigenvalues.
+
+    - kendall.global: could get wrong counts of ties in large data
+      sets. 
+
+    - meandist: new sister function to 'mrpp' that finds mean
+      within-group and between-group dissimilarities. The summary
+      function finds overall averages of these, and returns all three
+      MRPP variants plus classification strength. The plot method
+      draws a dendrogram based on the mean dissimilarity matrix, with
+      leaves hanging to within-groups dissimilarity. The functions
+      follow Sickle, J. Agric. Biol. Envir. Stat. 2, 370-388 (1997). 
+
+    - ordisurf: fits now linear or quadratic trend surfaces if 
+      'knots' argument is set to 0, 1, or 2. 
+
+    - orditkplot: copes with NA and NaN scores.
+
+    - ordixyplot: mixed x and y axes for biplot arrows and class
+      centroids. Function failed in constrained ordination. 
+
+    - tsallis: gained argument 'hill' to find results analogous to
+      Hill numbers in renyi(), or the species number equivalents of
+      indices.  
+
+    - wcmdscale: removes now zero eigenvalues instead of the last
+      eigenvalue. The bug was copied from cmdscale(), which still has
+      the bug in R 2.9.0 (plus another that was not copied to
+      wcmdscale).
+
+
+		       CHANGES IN VEGAN 1.15-2
+    
+    - adonis: adds one to numerator and denominator of permutation
+      tests, the default number of iterations was raised from 5 to
+      999, and the result object got a 'terms' component. Uses much 
+      less memory  allowing analysis of larger problems.
+
+    - anova.cca: anova(..., by = "axis") gained new keyword 'cutoff'
+      to stop permutation tests after exceeding the given cut off
+      level of significance. The second term of anova(..., by =
+      "margin") used different random numbers than other terms.
+    
+    - beals: Completely rewritten by Miquel de Caceres.  Knows now
+      also the cross validated version of Beals smoothing and other
+      choices described by De Caceres & Legendre, Oecologia 156,
+      657-669; 2008.
+
+    - betadisper: handles missing values both in dissimilarities and
+      grouping. 
+
+    - cca/rda: cleaner output of summary() in unconstrained models.
+
+    - commsimulator: simulated result retains original row and column
+      names. 
+
+    - contribdiv: new function for contribution diversity (Lu et al.,
+      Basic and Applied Ecology 8, 1-12; 2007).
+
+    - decostand: gained dots in argument list, so that
+      stressplot(metaMDS(x, dist = "gower", trymax = 40)) works.
+
+    - dispindmorisita: new function for the Morisita index of
+      dispersion. See Krebs, Ecological Methodology; 1999.
+
+    - kendall.global and kendall.post: new functions for Kendall's
+      coefficient of concordance. In ecology these can be used to
+      identify significant species associations (Legendre, J Agric
+      Biol Environm Stat 10, 226-245; 2005).
+
+    - metaMDS: more robust with distances like Euclidean and Manhattan
+      which have no upper limit. The stepacross works correctly for
+      these, but gives a warning that its use may not be sensible.
+      There is a better heuristics to avoid half-change scaling with
+      these indices. The 'halfchange' argument is now honoured when
+      given in metaMDS() call.
+
+    - mrpp: returns within-class dissimilarities. Evaluates
+      classification strength (Van Sickle, Biological and
+      Environmental Statistics, 2, 370-388; 1997) if weight.type = 3
+      was used.
+
+    - nestednodf: new nestedness function of overlap and decreasing
[TRUNCATED]

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